Mold Material Selection Before Mold Making
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Release time:
Aug 19,2025
When making molds for rubber products, the first consideration is the choice of raw materials for the mold. The selection of mold materials depends on the quality, quantity, structure, etc. of the product. Mold material selection is a very important part of the entire mold making process.
Mold material selection needs to meet three requirements: First, the mold must meet the working needs of wear resistance, strength, and toughness; second, the mold must meet the process requirements; and third, the mold should meet the requirements of economy and applicability.
Today, I will first talk about the mold meeting the requirements of working conditions:
1. Wear resistance:
When the blank is plastically deformed in the mold cavity, it flows and slides along the surface of the cavity, which causes severe friction between the cavity surface and the blank, which can easily lead to mold failure due to wear. Therefore, the wear resistance of the material is one of the most basic and important properties of the mold.
Hardness is the main factor affecting wear resistance. Generally, the higher the hardness of the mold part, the smaller the amount of wear and the better the wear resistance. In addition, the wear resistance is also related to the type, quantity, shape, size, and distribution of carbides in the material.
2. Strength and toughness:
The working conditions of molds are mostly very harsh, and some often bear large impact loads, which can lead to brittle fracture. In order to prevent the mold parts from suddenly brittle fracture during work, the mold must have high strength and toughness. The toughness of the mold mainly depends on the carbon content, grain size, and structure of the material.
3. Fatigue fracture performance:
During the working process of the mold, fatigue fracture often occurs under the long-term action of cyclic stress. The forms include small energy multiple impact fatigue fracture, tensile fatigue fracture contact fatigue fracture, and bending fatigue fracture.
The fatigue fracture performance of the mold mainly depends on its strength, toughness, hardness, and the content of inclusions in the material.
4. High temperature performance:
When the working temperature of the mold is high, it will reduce the hardness and strength, leading to early wear or plastic deformation and failure of the mold. Therefore, the mold material should have high tempering stability to ensure that the mold has high hardness and strength at the working temperature.
5. Thermal fatigue resistance:
Some molds are repeatedly heated and cooled during the working process, so that the surface of the cavity is subjected to tensile and compressive stress, which causes surface cracking and spalling, increases friction, hinders plastic deformation, and reduces dimensional accuracy, resulting in mold failure. Thermal fatigue is one of the main forms of failure of hot work molds, so this type of mold should have high thermal fatigue resistance.
6. Corrosion resistance:
Some molds, such as plastic molds, contain elements such as chlorine and fluorine in the plastic during work. After being heated, they decompose and release strongly corrosive gases such as HCI and HF, which corrode the surface of the mold cavity, increase its surface roughness, and aggravate wear failure.
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