Introduction to the main properties of rubber
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Release time:
May 29,2025
When selecting rubber materials, the first consideration should be the part's operating environment (temperature, medium) and working conditions (stress, vibration). This is the basic principle for selecting the type of rubber material; secondly, after the rubber type is defined, it is necessary to examine whether the material's properties meet the requirements. The following introduces the main performance evaluation items of rubber materials.
1. Hardness is an important indicator characterizing the rigidity of rubber materials, which is the measurement of the rubber's resistance to the indenter under external force. There are many rubber hardness testing methods and instruments. Generally, according to the different principles of applying the load, the instrument structure is divided into two major types: one is spring-type hardness, such as Shore hardness; the other is constant-load hardness, such as international hardness, Zhao hardness, etc. Currently, the hardness of rubber materials is usually characterized by two methods: Shore hardness and international hardness.
2. Tensile strength is an indicator that characterizes the ability of a rubber material to resist tensile failure. It is one of the main indicators for measuring and evaluating the mechanical properties of rubber materials and plays an important role in the mechanical properties of vulcanized rubber. For automotive rubber parts, the force they bear during use is mainly compressive force, so in most cases, tensile strength is not a key performance indicator.
3. Tear is a phenomenon in which defects rapidly expand due to external forces acting on cracks or cracks in the material, leading to destruction. Tear strength is an indicator that measures the ability of rubber materials to resist cracks or defects such as cracks.
4. Compression performance is an indicator of the resilience and sealing performance of rubber materials, and it is also one of the most important performance indicators of rubber materials. Currently, the test items commonly used to characterize compression performance are compression set and compression stress relaxation.
5. The phenomenon that rubber materials or products undergo physical or chemical changes due to the influence of external factors such as heat and light during storage and use, resulting in a decline in performance, is collectively referred to as rubber aging. Aging is an important factor that restricts the normal use of rubber materials or products, and it is also inevitable in the long-term use of rubber materials or products. Therefore, research on the evaluation of rubber aging performance, aging mechanisms, and aging protection has always been a key direction in the rubber industry.
6. Rubber material aging is usually used to measure its high-temperature performance. In actual operating conditions, it is also necessary to pay attention to the changes in the performance of rubber materials in low-temperature environments.
7. Automotive rubber parts often come into contact with various media (mainly liquid media and grease media) during use. Long-term contact with media can cause phenomena such as hardening, softening, and expansion of rubber parts.
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